Statute
42 U.S.C. § 7524 — Civil penalties
United States Code
Overview
Section 205 of the Clean Air Act sets civil penalty amounts and rules for violations of the motor vehicle emissions provisions.
Connected evidence
Cases
Governed by · CaseVerified primary
PPEI / Willis — federal civil settlement and consent decreeActive federal civil consent decree. Not terminated. Not affected by any pardon issued to any other person.Civil penalty authority.
Operative language
Short paraphrases of the operative text. Read the full section at the source.
42 U.S.C. § 7524(a) · Open source
Any person who violates § 7522(a) is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per vehicle or engine (subject to annual inflation adjustments), assessed per violation.
Establishes: The per-vehicle, per-day civil penalty ceiling that scales large consent-decree numbers (e.g. the Cummins Inc. $1.675B civil penalty) and the smaller-shop civil resolutions.
Plain English: Civil fines multiply by the number of vehicles affected. That is why manufacturer settlements are so large and why even a small-shop civil case can reach seven figures.