Equipment, repair, downtime and consumer costs

The mandate is not only a legal regime. It is a bill of materials: diesel particulate filters, selective catalytic reduction systems, NOx sensors, exhaust gas recirculation valves, exhaust gas coolers, aftertreatment doser modules, diesel exhaust fluid tanks and heaters.

This section will publish itemized cost data as sources are documented. Nothing here is presented as a final figure until a citation exists.