Statute
42 U.S.C. § 7413(c) — Criminal penalties
United States Code
Overview
Section 113(c) of the Clean Air Act provides criminal penalties for knowing violations, including tampering-related conduct when charged under the applicable subsection.
Connected evidence
Cases
Enforced under · CaseVerified primary
U.S. v. Kory Willis / PPEI — federal criminal prosecutionConvicted upon guilty plea. Sentenced December 2024. Not pardoned.Prosecuted under the Clean Air Act criminal provision.
Enforced under · CaseVerified reporting
U.S. v. Troy Lake / Elite Diesel — federal criminal prosecutionReported federal criminal prosecution and conviction. Date not yet documented.Clean Air Act criminal provision.
Operative language
Short paraphrases of the operative text. Read the full section at the source.
42 U.S.C. § 7413(c)(1) · Open source
Any person who knowingly violates specified requirements — including tampering under § 7522 — is subject to a fine under Title 18, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both. Second convictions double the maximum term.
Establishes: The Clean Air Act's criminal enforcement floor for knowing violations. Establishes felony exposure for defeat-device conduct when charged under the applicable subsection.
Plain English: This is the criminal-penalty provision behind the federal defeat-device prosecutions. A DOJ policy shift can pause new charges; it does not repeal the statute or vacate a completed conviction.
Related people
Related cases