Document
42 U.S.C. § 7524 — Civil penalties
United States Code
Overview
Section 205 of the Clean Air Act sets civil penalty amounts and rules for violations of the motor vehicle emissions provisions.
Repeal relevance: Civil penalty amounts scale by vehicle and by day; they are the numerical driver of large consent-decree settlements.
Operative language
Short paraphrases of the operative text. Read the full section at the source.
42 U.S.C. § 7524(a) · Open source
Any person who violates § 7522(a) is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per vehicle or engine (subject to annual inflation adjustments), assessed per violation.
Establishes: The per-vehicle, per-day civil penalty ceiling that scales large consent-decree numbers (e.g. the Cummins Inc. $1.675B civil penalty) and the smaller-shop civil resolutions.
Plain English: Civil fines multiply by the number of vehicles affected. That is why manufacturer settlements are so large and why even a small-shop civil case can reach seven figures.