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42 U.S.C. § 7413(c) — Criminal penalties
United States Code
Overview
Section 113(c) of the Clean Air Act provides criminal penalties for knowing violations, including tampering-related conduct when charged under the applicable subsection.
Repeal relevance: This is the statutory basis for criminal prosecution of defeat-device sellers and installers. A change in DOJ prosecution policy does not repeal this section.
Operative language
Short paraphrases of the operative text. Read the full section at the source.
42 U.S.C. § 7413(c)(1) · Open source
Any person who knowingly violates specified requirements — including tampering under § 7522 — is subject to a fine under Title 18, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both. Second convictions double the maximum term.
Establishes: The Clean Air Act's criminal enforcement floor for knowing violations. Establishes felony exposure for defeat-device conduct when charged under the applicable subsection.
Plain English: This is the criminal-penalty provision behind the federal defeat-device prosecutions. A DOJ policy shift can pause new charges; it does not repeal the statute or vacate a completed conviction.
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